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When you begin to sketch, the Act II structure will help you decide exactly what you want to accomplish visually on your slides, as shown in Figure 6-11. As you learned in 5, you want the audience to remember and apply your Call to Action and Key Point slides above all if they walked away and remembered nothing else, these slides carry the most important information. You ll sketch on these slides the most memorable things you can say, show, and do to make these points stick here you ll use memorable photographic icons, illustrations, or visual elements from your motif.

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of any type. Therefore, it s possible to use an array (or even another hash) as a key. This might come in useful when you re dealing with more complex data structures in future.

With arrays, you can use the each method to iterate through each element of the array. You can do the same with hashes. However, as hashes use keys for each element, there s no guaranteed order of response:

Explanation Detail Detail Detail 1.a.i 1.a 1.a.ii 1.a.iii Explanation Detail Detail Detail 1.a.i 2.a 1.a.ii 1.a.iii Explanation Detail Detail Detail 1.a.i 3.a 1.a.ii 1.a.iii

>>> '%s plus %s equals %s' % (1, 1, 2) '1 plus 1 equals 2' >>> '%s plus %s equals %s' % 1, 1, 2 # Lacks parentheses! Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in TypeError: not enough arguments for format string

x = { "a" => 1, "b" => 2 } x.each { |key, value| puts "#{key} equals #{value}" }

The each iterator method for a hash passes two parameters into the code block: first, a key, and second, the value associated with that key. In this example, you assign them to variables called key and value and use string interpolation to display their contents on screen.

Detail Detail Detail 1.a.i 1.a.ii 1.a.iii Detail Detail Detail 2.a.i 1.a.i 1.a.ii 1.a.iii Detail Detail Detail 3.a.i 1.a.i 1.a.ii 1.a.iii

Sometimes you might not be interested in the values within a hash, but want to get a feel for what the hash contains. A great way to do this is to look at the keys. Ruby gives you an easy way to see the keys in any hash immediately, using the keys method:

["a", "b", "c"]

Next you ll sketch the second-most important Explanation slides, which the audience will likely remember here you might use diagrams, charts, or other illustrations. And then you ll sketch the third-most important Detail slides, which the audience might not remember here you ll include graphs, charts, screen captures, and other visual elements. As you sketch the slides that correspond to the three columns of Act II, you want to keep a consistent look in terms of similar layout, style, and placement of headlines and graphics within each column, as shown in the slides that correspond to the headlines from the Explanation column in Figure 6-12. By sketching the slides from a single column together, as you ll do next in 7, you avoid concentrating exclusively on only single slides; instead, you focus on what is happening across slides. This makes sure that you approach the design of any slide by its context and relationship to other slides within its column, not as individual slides in isolation.

In the material that follows, I walk you through the various parts of the conversion specifier. For a summary, see the sidebar Conversion Specifier Anatomy.

keys returns an array of all the keys in the hash, and if you re ever in the mood, values will return an array of all the values in the hash too. Generally, however, you ll look up values based on a key.

Deleting hash elements is easy with the delete method. All you do is pass in a key as a parameter and the element is removed:

6

{"b"=>2}

Let s say you want to delete any hash elements whose value is below a certain figure: